French grammar · Intermediate

Verbs with Pour in French: Purpose, Choice, and Mistaken Identity

Pour after a verb almost always answers the question why. With an infinitive it gives the purpose of the action (je sors pour acheter du pain), and a small set of verbs — voter, opter, remercier, prendre, passer — governs pour as their own fixed preposition. When the purpose belongs to someone else, pour becomes pour que and pulls the subjunctive in with it.

Il travaille dur pour réussir.

He works hard in order to succeed.

What it is

Most prepositions after French verbs are arbitrary and have to be memorised. Pour is the exception: it nearly always keeps its meaning. It marks the goal of an action, the side you are on, or the thing you are being thanked for, and once you recognise which of those you mean, the structure follows.

Elle est partie tôt pour éviter les embouteillages. — She left early to avoid the traffic.

How to spot it

Insert in order to before the English infinitive. If the sentence still makes sense, French wants pour.

  • Je téléphone pour confirmer. — I'm calling to confirm.
  • Il économise pour acheter une voiture. — He's saving up to buy a car.
  • On a voté pour elle. — We voted for her.
  • Merci pour ton message. — Thanks for your message.

English often drops in order to and leaves a bare infinitive. French cannot: I came to see you has to be je suis venu pour te voir or, more commonly, je suis venu te voir.

Verbs with Pour Quick Reference

Verbs and structures that take pour

Verb or structureWhat followsExample
any verb + pourinfinitive of purposeje sors pour courir — I'm going out for a run
voter poura person or sidevoter pour un candidat — to vote for a candidate
opter poura chosen optionopter pour le train — to opt for the train
remercier poura gift or favourremercier pour un cadeau — to thank for a gift
prendre poura mistaken identityprendre pour un touriste — to take for a tourist
passer poura reputationpasser pour un expert — to pass for an expert
se battre poura causese battre pour ses droits — to fight for one's rights
pour quea clause in the subjunctivepour qu'il comprenne — so that he understands

Common Verbs with Pour Examples in French

The main patterns, one category each:

Purpose

Je me lève tôt pour aller courir.
I get up early to go running.
Elle apprend le français pour travailler à Lyon.
She's learning French to work in Lyon.
On a fermé la fenêtre pour ne pas avoir froid.
We closed the window so as not to be cold.
Il a menti pour ne pas la blesser.
He lied so as not to hurt her.

In a negative purpose clause, both parts of the negation go in front of the infinitive: pour ne pas oublier.

Choosing and Supporting

Nous avons opté pour la formule courte.
We opted for the short version.
Il a voté pour la réforme.
He voted for the reform.
Elle se bat pour ses convictions.
She fights for her beliefs.
Qui est pour ?
Who's in favour?

Être pour and être contre stand alone with no complement, which is why a show of hands is asked with qui est pour ?

Taking One Thing for Another

On m'a prise pour une Italienne.
They took me for an Italian woman.
Il passe pour un spécialiste.
He's regarded as a specialist.
Tu me prends pour un idiot ?
Do you take me for an idiot?
Elle se fait passer pour sa sœur.
She passes herself off as her sister.

Prendre pour is about the observer's mistake; passer pour is about the reputation someone has acquired.

Thanking and Apologising

Merci pour ton aide.
Thanks for your help.
Je vous remercie pour votre patience.
Thank you for your patience.
Excusez-moi pour le retard.
Sorry about the delay.
Félicitations pour ton diplôme !
Congratulations on your degree!

Before a noun, pour is standard. Before a verb, French switches to de: merci de m'avoir prévenu.

How Pour Attaches to a Verb

Purpose, government, and the point at which a second subject forces a change of structure.

Pour + Infinitive Gives the Goal

Any verb can be followed by pour plus an infinitive to say why the action is being performed. The subject of the infinitive is understood to be the same as the subject of the main verb.

Nous sommes venus pour vous aider.

We came to help you.

pour + infinitive = in order to.

Movement Verbs Often Drop the Pour

After aller, venir, sortir, monter and similar verbs of motion, French usually omits pour and puts the infinitive straight after. Keeping pour is correct but emphasises the purpose.

Je vais chercher du pain.

I'm going to get some bread.

aller faire, venir voir, sortir manger.

A Different Subject Requires Pour Que

An infinitive can only have one implied subject. As soon as the purpose concerns someone else, you need a full clause with pour que, and the verb inside it goes into the subjunctive.

Je te le dis pour que tu sois au courant.

I'm telling you so that you know.

Same subject → infinitive, different subject → pour que.

Some Verbs Own Their Pour

Voter, opter, militer, plaider, se battre and se décider all take pour as their fixed preposition, with a noun rather than an infinitive. Here pour is government rather than purpose.

Ils ont opté pour une solution provisoire.

They opted for a temporary solution.

opter pour, voter pour, militer pour.

Pour + Past Infinitive Looks Backwards

Followed by avoir or être plus a participle, pour stops meaning purpose and starts meaning because of. It is the standard construction for stating a reason for a punishment or a reward.

Il a été renvoyé pour avoir menti.

He was dismissed for having lied.

pour avoir fait = for having done.

Common Mistakes with Verbs with Pour

Incorrect: Je suis venu voir pour toi. — I came to see you.

Correct: Je suis venu pour te voir. — I came to see you.

Pour introduces the whole purpose phrase, so it comes before the infinitive, and the object pronoun sits between them. Placing pour after the verb attaches it to the wrong element.

Incorrect: Je te le dis pour que tu sais. — I'm telling you so that you know.

Correct: Je te le dis pour que tu saches. — I'm telling you so that you know.

Pour que always takes the subjunctive, because the purpose has not been achieved yet. Sais is indicative; saches is the subjunctive of savoir.

Incorrect: Merci pour m'avoir invité. — Thanks for inviting me.

Correct: Merci de m'avoir invité. — Thanks for inviting me.

Merci takes pour before a noun and de before a verb. The infinitive here needs de, even though English uses one word for both.

Incorrect: Il est trop fatigué conduire. — He's too tired to drive.

Correct: Il est trop fatigué pour conduire. — He's too tired to drive.

French needs pour to link trop or assez to the resulting infinitive. English gets by with a bare to, which is why the pour disappears in translation.

Pour Que, Trop Pour, and Assez Pour

Three constructions where pour combines with something else and changes the shape of the whole sentence.

Pour que + subjunctive

Pour que introduces a purpose that concerns a different subject. Because the outcome is not yet a fact, the verb in the clause takes the subjunctive.

Je répète pour que tout le monde comprenne.
I'm repeating it so that everyone understands.
Elle est partie tôt pour que les enfants dorment.
She left early so that the children could sleep.
Fais-le pour que je puisse t'aider.
Do it so that I can help you.

If both halves share a subject, drop the clause: je répète pour être clair, not pour que je sois clair.

Trop and assez with pour

To say something is too much or enough to allow a result, French links the two with pour plus an infinitive. English uses a bare to, which is why the pour gets dropped.

Il est trop tard pour appeler.
It's too late to call.
Elle est assez grande pour comprendre.
She's old enough to understand.
Je n'ai pas assez d'argent pour partir.
I don't have enough money to go.
C'est trop beau pour être vrai.
It's too good to be true.

With a different subject the same rule applies: c'est trop tard pour qu'on y aille takes pour que and the subjunctive.

Duration and allocation

Pour also measures an intended stretch of time or a share, which is a use that has nothing to do with purpose.

Je pars pour trois semaines.
I'm going away for three weeks.
J'en ai pour cinq minutes.
It'll take me five minutes.
C'est pour combien de personnes ?
How many people is it for?
Il n'y est pour rien.
It's got nothing to do with him.

Pour with a duration expresses an intended length. For an elapsed one, use pendant: j'ai travaillé pendant trois semaines.

Verbs with Pour FAQs

When do you use pour before an infinitive in French?
Whenever the infinitive gives the reason for the main action: je sors pour acheter du pain. If you could insert in order to in English, French wants pour. After verbs of movement it is often dropped: je sors acheter du pain.
Which French verbs take pour?
Voter pour, opter pour, militer pour, se battre pour, plaider pour, se décider pour, prendre quelqu'un pour, passer pour, and remercier or féliciter someone pour a noun. In each case pour keeps a recognisable meaning of on behalf of or in exchange for.
Why does pour que take the subjunctive?
Because it describes a result that has not happened yet, and French marks unrealised outcomes with the subjunctive. Je parle lentement pour que tu comprennes: the understanding is the aim, not a fact.
Is it merci pour or merci de?
Pour before a noun (merci pour ton aide), de before a verb (merci de m'avoir aidé). Merci de plus a present infinitive also works as a polite request: merci de ne pas fumer.
How do you say too tired to work in French?
Trop fatigué pour travailler. Trop and assez both need pour before the infinitive that states the consequence, so you also get assez fort pour soulever ça and trop cher pour nous.